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Oct 13 – Oct 19, 2025

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35

LaSeR: Reinforcement Learning with Last-Token Self-Rewarding

Wenkai Yang, Weijie Liu, Ruobing Xie +4 authors

LaSeR, a reinforcement learning algorithm, enhances Large Language Models by aligning last-token self-rewarding scores with verifier-based reasoning rewards, improving reasoning performance and inference-time scaling.

40Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable RewardsLarge Language ModelsHF ↗arXiv ↗
36

FlashVSR: Towards Real-Time Diffusion-Based Streaming Video Super-Resolution

Junhao Zhuang, Shi Guo, Xin Cai +4 authors

Diffusion models have recently advanced video restoration, but applying them to real-world video super-resolution (VSR) remains challenging due to high latency, prohibitive computation, and poor generalization to ultra-high resolutions. Our goal in this work is to make diffusion-based VSR practical by achieving efficiency, scalability, and real-time performance. To this end, we propose FlashVSR, the first diffusion-based one-step streaming framework towards real-time VSR. FlashVSR runs at approximately 17 FPS for 768x1408 videos on a single A100 GPU by combining three complementary innovations: (i) a train-friendly three-stage distillation pipeline that enables streaming super-resolution, (ii) locality-constrained sparse attention that cuts redundant computation while bridging the train-test resolution gap, and (iii) a tiny conditional decoder that accelerates reconstruction without sacrificing quality. To support large-scale training, we also construct VSR-120K, a new dataset with 120k videos and 180k images. Extensive experiments show that FlashVSR scales reliably to ultra-high resolutions and achieves state-of-the-art performance with up to 12x speedup over prior one-step diffusion VSR models. We will release the code, pretrained models, and dataset to foster future research in efficient diffusion-based VSR.

40HF ↗arXiv ↗
43

The Art of Scaling Reinforcement Learning Compute for LLMs

Devvrit Khatri, Lovish Madaan, Rishabh Tiwari +6 authors

A systematic study defines a framework for analyzing and predicting reinforcement learning scaling in large language models, identifying key design choices that affect compute efficiency and proposing a best-practice recipe.

34reinforcement learninglarge language modelsHF ↗arXiv ↗
47

Dr.LLM: Dynamic Layer Routing in LLMs

Ahmed Heakl, Martin Gubri, Salman Khan +2 authors

Large Language Models (LLMs) process every token through all layers of a transformer stack, causing wasted computation on simple queries and insufficient flexibility for harder ones that need deeper reasoning. Adaptive-depth methods can improve efficiency, but prior approaches rely on costly inference-time search, architectural changes, or large-scale retraining, and in practice often degrade accuracy despite efficiency gains. We introduce Dr.LLM, Dynamic routing of Layers for LLMs, a retrofittable framework that equips pretrained models with lightweight per-layer routers deciding to skip, execute, or repeat a block. Routers are trained with explicit supervision: using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), we derive high-quality layer configurations that preserve or improve accuracy under a compute budget. Our design, windowed pooling for stable routing, focal loss with class balancing, and bottleneck MLP routers, ensures robustness under class imbalance and long sequences. On ARC (logic) and DART (math), Dr.LLM improves accuracy by up to +3.4%p while saving 5 layers per example on average. Routers generalize to out-of-domain tasks (MMLU, GSM8k, AIME, TruthfulQA, SQuADv2, GPQA, PIQA, AGIEval) with only 0.85% accuracy drop while retaining efficiency, and outperform prior routing methods by up to +7.7%p. Overall, Dr.LLM shows that explicitly supervised routers retrofit frozen LLMs for budget-aware, accuracy-driven inference without altering base weights.

32HF ↗arXiv ↗
50

Temporal Alignment Guidance: On-Manifold Sampling in Diffusion Models

Youngrok Park, Hojung Jung, Sangmin Bae +1 authors

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success as generative models. However, even a well-trained model can accumulate errors throughout the generation process. These errors become particularly problematic when arbitrary guidance is applied to steer samples toward desired properties, which often breaks sample fidelity. In this paper, we propose a general solution to address the off-manifold phenomenon observed in diffusion models. Our approach leverages a time predictor to estimate deviations from the desired data manifold at each timestep, identifying that a larger time gap is associated with reduced generation quality. We then design a novel guidance mechanism, `Temporal Alignment Guidance' (TAG), attracting the samples back to the desired manifold at every timestep during generation. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that TAG consistently produces samples closely aligned with the desired manifold at each timestep, leading to significant improvements in generation quality across various downstream tasks.

31HF ↗arXiv ↗
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