Paper · arXiv 2607.10371
GigaAM Multilingual: Foundation Model for Underrepresented Languages
Andrei Kuzmenko, Alexandr Maximenko, Aleksandr Kutsakov, Georgii Gospodinov, Dmitrii Bolotov, Oleg Kutuzov, Pavel Bogomolov, Fyodor Minkin
A Conformer encoder pre-trained with HuBERT-style objectives and cluster-level balancing improves ASR for underrepresented Central Asian languages.
Abstract
Despite recent scaling successes, multilingual ASR performance remains highly uneven, with long-tail languages suffering from severe data scarcity. This work addresses the challenge of building robust foundation models for underrepresented Central Asian languages (Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek). We present GigaAM Multilingual, a Conformer encoder pre-trained on 2M hours of audio using a HuBERT-style objective. Crucially, we introduce a cluster-level data balancing strategy during pre-training and a domain-aware sampling method during fine-tuning to mitigate head-language dominance. In controlled comparisons, our approach outperforms strong open pretrained encoders (Whisper Large v3, Omnilingual-1B) on target languages, achieving significant gains on spontaneous speech while maintaining efficiency. We release the foundation encoder and ASR model, offering a proven recipe for effective multilingual adaptation under realistic data imbalance.